JUMA’A BABBAR RANA Falalarta Da Hukunce-Huukuncenta
Godiya ta tabbata ga Allha (Subahanahu WA Ta’ala). Tsira da Aminci su tabbata ga fiyayyen halitta, Manzo Allha (salallahu Alaihi Wa sallam) da Alayensa da sahabbansa da wadanda suka bi tafarkinsu har zuwa ranar kiyama.
Bayan haka: Na yi tunanin rubuta wannan littafi ne saboda da duba da yadda mafi yawan Musulmi suka jahilci girman wannan rana, da abin da ta kunsa na falaloli da darajoji da hukunce-hukunce, wadanda saninsu yana da mutukar amfani ga duk wani Musulmi. Don haka na yi kokarin in ga na fadi mafi yawancin abin daya kamata a sani a takaice, sauran abubuwan kuwa masu zurfi na yi nuni ga mai karatu zuwa ga wuraren da zai same su,
kamar yadda na yi kokarin hada duk maganar da zan fada da dalilinta na Alkur’ani ko sunna, bias hasken bayanan malamai magabata, fatana Allah (Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala) ya karbi wannan aiki, ya sanya mini shi a cikin kyawawan ayyukana.
A karshe ina mika godiyata da fatan alheri ga malamina Dr. Muhmmad Sani Umar R/Lemo wanda ya bada lokacinsa mai tsada ya karanta wannan littafi, kuma ya yi gyare-gyare a cikinsa, Allah ya saka masa da alheri duniya da lahira, amin. Sannan ina fata duk wanda ya ga kuskure zai sanar da ni don a gyara, saboda dukkan dan adam mai kuskure ne. allah ya datar damu.
Ma’anar lafazin ‘Juma’a’: Ana fadin wannan lafazi a larabci da yiwa harafin min rufu’a, ko daure shi wato ace ‘Juma’a’ ko ‘Jum’a’, ana kuma iya yin fataha akan mimun din ace ‘Juma’a’. Duba Subulus Salam (2/45).
Lafazin Juma’a lafazi ne na larabci, kuma yana nufin “Haduwa” ko “Turawa”, sannan suna ne na daya daga cikin ranakun sati. A lokacin jahiliyya ana kiran ranar Juma’a da sunan “Aruba”
ME YA SA AKE KIRAN RANAR JUMA’A DA WANAN SUNA
Malamai sun yi sabani wajan bayanin dalilin da yasa ake kiran wannan rana ta “Juma’a” da wannan sunan, ga kadan daga cikin bayanan malamai akan hakan:
1. saboda an gama hada halittar Annabi Adam (A.S) a wannan rana ne. malam Ibnu Hajar ya ce “Wannan Magana ita tafi inganci” “Fathul Bari” (2/353).
2. Ana kiran wannan rana Juma’a ne saboda haduwar da mutane suke yi a kicinta. Don ganin wadannan maganganu duba littafin “Fathul Bari” na Imam Ibnu Hajar Juzu’i na (2) shafi na (353). Da littafin “Tafsirul Khurdubi” Juzu’i na (18) shafi na (86-87).
3. Ana kiran wannan rana da (Juma’a) saboda a cikin tane aka tattara halittar dukkan halittu.
4. saboda a wannan rana ne mutanen Madina suka hadu a gidan As’adu Bin Zurara, ya yi musu limanci, don haka suke kiran wannan rana da “Juma’a”, amma kafin hakan suna kiranta da (Aruba). Haka Muhmmad Bin Sirin Babban tabi’in-ya fadi.
5. Saboda a lokacin jahiliyya ka’abu Dan Lu’ayyu yana tattara su a wannan rana yana yi musu wa’azi akan girmama alfarmar garin Makkah, kuma yana fada musu cewa za a aiko da wani Annabi nan gaba kadan.
Wadannan kadan kenan daga cikin maganganun malamai akan dalilin da yasa ake kiran wannan rana da wannan suna. Muhimmin abu dai wannan suna Musulunci ya yarda dashi, kuma haka Allah
(Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala) da Manzonsa suka kirata.
ABUBUWAN DA RANAR JUMA’A TA KEBANTA DASU
Ranar juma’a rana ce mai falala da girma, wannan ya sa Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Ailaihi Wa Sallam) yake girmamata, yake kuma ware tad a Karin wasu Ibadoji na daban, ga kadan daga abubuwan da ranar Juma’a a kebanta dasu:
1. Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) ya kasance yana karanta Suratus Sajda da Suratul Insan a duk Asubar ranar Juma’a, kamar yadda Imamu Muslim ya rawaito.
Shaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyya yana cewa “Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) yana karanta wadannan Surori ne saboda sun kunshi abin da ya faru, da ma abin da zai faru a wannan ranar, kuma Surorin suna dauke da bayanin halittar (Annabi) Adam, da ambatom makoma (lahira) da (bayanin) abin da zai faru ga bayi (a lahira), suk wannan zai faru ne a ranar Juma’a……..” (Duba “Zadul Ma’ad” (1/364).
2. Mustahabbi ne a yawaita salati ga Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) a daren wannan rana, da yininta, saboda fadin Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) “ku yawaita yi min salati ranar Juma’a da darenta” (Baihaki ne ya rawaito shi).
Imam Ibnul kayyim yana cewa “Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Aliahi Wa Sallam) shi ne shugaban halitta, ranar Juma’a kuwa ita ce shugabannin ranaku, don haka yin salati ga Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Aliahi Wa Sallam) a wannan ranar yana da fifiko akan sauran ranaku…….” (Zadul Ma’ad) (1/364).
3. Yin sallar Juma’a da halartata yana daya daga cikin maya-mayan taruka na Musulunci, don haka ma duk wanda ya ki halartar Juma’a da gangan to Allah zai rufe masa zuciya, alheri ba zai rika shigarta ba.
4. Yin wanka acikinta.
5. sanya turare, an karbo Hadisi daga Abu Sa’id ya ce “Wankan Juma’a wajibi ne akan duk wani baligi, sannan ya yi aswaki, ya sanya turare in ya samu” Bukhari ne ya rawaito shi Hadisi na (880).
6. Mustahabbi ne yin aswki a wannan ranar, kamar yadda ya gabata a Hadisi.
7. Zuwa Masllaci da wuri.
8. Shagalta sa sallahr nafila da Zikiri, kamar karatun Alkur’ani har zuwa fitowar liman.
9. Wajibi ne a saurari Huduba, da yin shiru ya yin da ake yinta.
10. Karanta Suratul Khahfi a wannan rana, saboda fadin Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) “Duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Khahfi a ranar Juma’a, wani haske zai daga daga karkashin kafarsa har zuwa kololuwar sama, zai zamar masa haske ranar alkiyama, kuma za a gafarta masa abin da yake tsakanin Jumu’o’in guda biyu”. Hakim da Baihaki ne suka rawaito shi (Shiekh Albani ya ingantaa wanan Hadisi a cikin :Irwa’ul Galil” (3/93).
11. Ana so a karanta Suratul Juma’a da Suratul Munafikun, ko kuma Suratul A’ala da Gashiya ya yin Sallar Juma’a.
12. Rana ce ta idi ga Musulmi, wanda yake maimaituwa duk sati.
13. Mustahabbi ne a sayan kaya kyawawa, saboda Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Ssllam) y ace “Duk wanda ya yi wanka ranar Juma’a ya sa turare-in ya samu-sannan ya saka kyawawan tufafina, ya fita cikin nutsuwa, har ya isa Masallaci, ya yi nafila gwargwadon abin da yaga dama, bai cutar da kowa ba, sannan ya yi shiru har liman ya fito ya yi Sallah, to hakan ya zama masa kaffarar abin da ke tsakanin Jma’a biyu” Imamu Ahmad ne ya rawaito wannan Hadisi.
14. Mustahabbi ne a gyara Masallaci asa masa turare. Umar Dan Khaddab (R.A.) ya yi umarni a lokacinsa a rika saw a Masallacin Madina turare a duk ranar Juma’a bayan rana ta raba.
15. Bay a halatta ayi tafiya a ranar Juma’a, kafin ayi Sallar Juma’a in dai lokacinta ya shiga. Amma idna lokacin bai yi ba, to malamai sun yi sabani akan hakan. Sai dai zance mafi rinjaye ba laifi a tafi Duba “Almugni” na Ibnu Kudama (3/248). Da “Zadul Ma’ad” (1/370).
16. Ran ace da ake son yawaita yin Ibada a cikinta, kamar yawaita Salati ga Annabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam), Zikiri, nafilfilu, karatun Alkur’ani da sauransu.
17. Yin sadaka a wanna rana daban yake da yin ta a sauran ranakun sati, kamar yin sadaka ne a cikin watan Azumi.
18. Ran ace da Allah ya yi wa wanana al’umma kyautarta kamar yadda Hadisi ya nuna (Duba Za’dul Ma’adi (1/40).
19. Ran ce da ba a kebance ta da Azumi, sai dai in mutum zai hada ta ranar Alhamis, ko Assabar. Munzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) ya ce “ka da dayaku ya yi Azumin ranar Juma’a, sai in ya Azumuci ranar da take gabaninta ko bayanta” (bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito).
20. Haramun ne saye ko sayarwa ga wanda ya ji kiran Sallahr Juma’a, lokacin da liman ya hau Mimbari. Idan kuwa na kulla ciniki a wanana lokaci, to malamai sun yi sabaani a kan ingancinsa. Imam Khurdabi da Ibnu kasir sun rinjaya rashin ingancinsa, don haka ya zama lalatacce (Duba Tafsirin Khurdubi (18/96) da Tafsirin Ibnu Kasir (4/392).
DAGA BAKIN MALAM MUHAMMAD RABI'U R/LEMO KANO.
Bayan haka: Na yi tunanin rubuta wannan littafi ne saboda da duba da yadda mafi yawan Musulmi suka jahilci girman wannan rana, da abin da ta kunsa na falaloli da darajoji da hukunce-hukunce, wadanda saninsu yana da mutukar amfani ga duk wani Musulmi. Don haka na yi kokarin in ga na fadi mafi yawancin abin daya kamata a sani a takaice, sauran abubuwan kuwa masu zurfi na yi nuni ga mai karatu zuwa ga wuraren da zai same su,
kamar yadda na yi kokarin hada duk maganar da zan fada da dalilinta na Alkur’ani ko sunna, bias hasken bayanan malamai magabata, fatana Allah (Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala) ya karbi wannan aiki, ya sanya mini shi a cikin kyawawan ayyukana.
A karshe ina mika godiyata da fatan alheri ga malamina Dr. Muhmmad Sani Umar R/Lemo wanda ya bada lokacinsa mai tsada ya karanta wannan littafi, kuma ya yi gyare-gyare a cikinsa, Allah ya saka masa da alheri duniya da lahira, amin. Sannan ina fata duk wanda ya ga kuskure zai sanar da ni don a gyara, saboda dukkan dan adam mai kuskure ne. allah ya datar damu.
Ma’anar lafazin ‘Juma’a’: Ana fadin wannan lafazi a larabci da yiwa harafin min rufu’a, ko daure shi wato ace ‘Juma’a’ ko ‘Jum’a’, ana kuma iya yin fataha akan mimun din ace ‘Juma’a’. Duba Subulus Salam (2/45).
Lafazin Juma’a lafazi ne na larabci, kuma yana nufin “Haduwa” ko “Turawa”, sannan suna ne na daya daga cikin ranakun sati. A lokacin jahiliyya ana kiran ranar Juma’a da sunan “Aruba”
ME YA SA AKE KIRAN RANAR JUMA’A DA WANAN SUNA
Malamai sun yi sabani wajan bayanin dalilin da yasa ake kiran wannan rana ta “Juma’a” da wannan sunan, ga kadan daga cikin bayanan malamai akan hakan:
1. saboda an gama hada halittar Annabi Adam (A.S) a wannan rana ne. malam Ibnu Hajar ya ce “Wannan Magana ita tafi inganci” “Fathul Bari” (2/353).
2. Ana kiran wannan rana Juma’a ne saboda haduwar da mutane suke yi a kicinta. Don ganin wadannan maganganu duba littafin “Fathul Bari” na Imam Ibnu Hajar Juzu’i na (2) shafi na (353). Da littafin “Tafsirul Khurdubi” Juzu’i na (18) shafi na (86-87).
3. Ana kiran wannan rana da (Juma’a) saboda a cikin tane aka tattara halittar dukkan halittu.
4. saboda a wannan rana ne mutanen Madina suka hadu a gidan As’adu Bin Zurara, ya yi musu limanci, don haka suke kiran wannan rana da “Juma’a”, amma kafin hakan suna kiranta da (Aruba). Haka Muhmmad Bin Sirin Babban tabi’in-ya fadi.
5. Saboda a lokacin jahiliyya ka’abu Dan Lu’ayyu yana tattara su a wannan rana yana yi musu wa’azi akan girmama alfarmar garin Makkah, kuma yana fada musu cewa za a aiko da wani Annabi nan gaba kadan.
Wadannan kadan kenan daga cikin maganganun malamai akan dalilin da yasa ake kiran wannan rana da wannan suna. Muhimmin abu dai wannan suna Musulunci ya yarda dashi, kuma haka Allah
(Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala) da Manzonsa suka kirata.
ABUBUWAN DA RANAR JUMA’A TA KEBANTA DASU
Ranar juma’a rana ce mai falala da girma, wannan ya sa Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Ailaihi Wa Sallam) yake girmamata, yake kuma ware tad a Karin wasu Ibadoji na daban, ga kadan daga abubuwan da ranar Juma’a a kebanta dasu:
1. Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) ya kasance yana karanta Suratus Sajda da Suratul Insan a duk Asubar ranar Juma’a, kamar yadda Imamu Muslim ya rawaito.
Shaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyya yana cewa “Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) yana karanta wadannan Surori ne saboda sun kunshi abin da ya faru, da ma abin da zai faru a wannan ranar, kuma Surorin suna dauke da bayanin halittar (Annabi) Adam, da ambatom makoma (lahira) da (bayanin) abin da zai faru ga bayi (a lahira), suk wannan zai faru ne a ranar Juma’a……..” (Duba “Zadul Ma’ad” (1/364).
2. Mustahabbi ne a yawaita salati ga Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) a daren wannan rana, da yininta, saboda fadin Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) “ku yawaita yi min salati ranar Juma’a da darenta” (Baihaki ne ya rawaito shi).
Imam Ibnul kayyim yana cewa “Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Aliahi Wa Sallam) shi ne shugaban halitta, ranar Juma’a kuwa ita ce shugabannin ranaku, don haka yin salati ga Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Aliahi Wa Sallam) a wannan ranar yana da fifiko akan sauran ranaku…….” (Zadul Ma’ad) (1/364).
3. Yin sallar Juma’a da halartata yana daya daga cikin maya-mayan taruka na Musulunci, don haka ma duk wanda ya ki halartar Juma’a da gangan to Allah zai rufe masa zuciya, alheri ba zai rika shigarta ba.
4. Yin wanka acikinta.
5. sanya turare, an karbo Hadisi daga Abu Sa’id ya ce “Wankan Juma’a wajibi ne akan duk wani baligi, sannan ya yi aswaki, ya sanya turare in ya samu” Bukhari ne ya rawaito shi Hadisi na (880).
6. Mustahabbi ne yin aswki a wannan ranar, kamar yadda ya gabata a Hadisi.
7. Zuwa Masllaci da wuri.
8. Shagalta sa sallahr nafila da Zikiri, kamar karatun Alkur’ani har zuwa fitowar liman.
9. Wajibi ne a saurari Huduba, da yin shiru ya yin da ake yinta.
10. Karanta Suratul Khahfi a wannan rana, saboda fadin Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) “Duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Khahfi a ranar Juma’a, wani haske zai daga daga karkashin kafarsa har zuwa kololuwar sama, zai zamar masa haske ranar alkiyama, kuma za a gafarta masa abin da yake tsakanin Jumu’o’in guda biyu”. Hakim da Baihaki ne suka rawaito shi (Shiekh Albani ya ingantaa wanan Hadisi a cikin :Irwa’ul Galil” (3/93).
11. Ana so a karanta Suratul Juma’a da Suratul Munafikun, ko kuma Suratul A’ala da Gashiya ya yin Sallar Juma’a.
12. Rana ce ta idi ga Musulmi, wanda yake maimaituwa duk sati.
13. Mustahabbi ne a sayan kaya kyawawa, saboda Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Ssllam) y ace “Duk wanda ya yi wanka ranar Juma’a ya sa turare-in ya samu-sannan ya saka kyawawan tufafina, ya fita cikin nutsuwa, har ya isa Masallaci, ya yi nafila gwargwadon abin da yaga dama, bai cutar da kowa ba, sannan ya yi shiru har liman ya fito ya yi Sallah, to hakan ya zama masa kaffarar abin da ke tsakanin Jma’a biyu” Imamu Ahmad ne ya rawaito wannan Hadisi.
14. Mustahabbi ne a gyara Masallaci asa masa turare. Umar Dan Khaddab (R.A.) ya yi umarni a lokacinsa a rika saw a Masallacin Madina turare a duk ranar Juma’a bayan rana ta raba.
15. Bay a halatta ayi tafiya a ranar Juma’a, kafin ayi Sallar Juma’a in dai lokacinta ya shiga. Amma idna lokacin bai yi ba, to malamai sun yi sabani akan hakan. Sai dai zance mafi rinjaye ba laifi a tafi Duba “Almugni” na Ibnu Kudama (3/248). Da “Zadul Ma’ad” (1/370).
16. Ran ace da ake son yawaita yin Ibada a cikinta, kamar yawaita Salati ga Annabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam), Zikiri, nafilfilu, karatun Alkur’ani da sauransu.
17. Yin sadaka a wanna rana daban yake da yin ta a sauran ranakun sati, kamar yin sadaka ne a cikin watan Azumi.
18. Ran ace da Allah ya yi wa wanana al’umma kyautarta kamar yadda Hadisi ya nuna (Duba Za’dul Ma’adi (1/40).
19. Ran ce da ba a kebance ta da Azumi, sai dai in mutum zai hada ta ranar Alhamis, ko Assabar. Munzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) ya ce “ka da dayaku ya yi Azumin ranar Juma’a, sai in ya Azumuci ranar da take gabaninta ko bayanta” (bukhari da Muslim ne suka rawaito).
20. Haramun ne saye ko sayarwa ga wanda ya ji kiran Sallahr Juma’a, lokacin da liman ya hau Mimbari. Idan kuwa na kulla ciniki a wanana lokaci, to malamai sun yi sabaani a kan ingancinsa. Imam Khurdabi da Ibnu kasir sun rinjaya rashin ingancinsa, don haka ya zama lalatacce (Duba Tafsirin Khurdubi (18/96) da Tafsirin Ibnu Kasir (4/392).
DAGA BAKIN MALAM MUHAMMAD RABI'U R/LEMO KANO.
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